AJSM Click here for details!
HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Daniel, D. M.
Right arrow Articles by Kaufman, K. R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow Articles by Daniel, D. M.
Right arrow Articles by Kaufman, K. R.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine 22:632-644 (1994)
© 1994 SAGE Publications

Fate of the ACL-injured Patient

A Prospective Outcome Study

Dale M. Daniel, MD

San Diego Kaiser Medical Center

Mary Lou Stone, RPT

San Diego Kaiser Medical Center

Barbara E. Dobson, LVN

San Diego Kaiser Medical Center

Donald C. Fithian, MD

San Diego Kaiser Medical Center

David J. Rossman, MD

San Diego Kaiser Medical Center

Kenton R. Kaufman, PhD

Motion Analysis Laboratory, San Diego Children's Hospital, San Diego, California

We followed 292 patients who had sustained an acute traumatic hemarthrosis for a mean of 64 months. The KT-1000 arthrometer measurements within 90 days of injury revealed the injured knee was stable in 56 pa tients and unstable in 236. Forty-five unstable patients had an ACL reconstruction within 90 days of injury. Sur gical procedures performed >90 days after injury in cluded ligament reconstruction in 46 patients. Factors that correlated with patients who had late surgery for a meniscal tear or an ACL reconstruction (P < 0.05) were preinjury hours of sports participation, arthrometer mea surements, and patient age.

Follow-up data are presented for the patients divided into four groups: I, early stable, no reconstruction; II, early unstable, no reconstruction; III, early recon struction; and IV, late reconstruction. No patient changed occupation because of the knee injury. Hours per year of sports participation and levels of sports par ticipation decreased in all groups. Joint arthrosis was documented by radiograph and bone scan. Joint sur face injury abnormalities observed at surgery and me niscal surgery showed greater abnormalities by radio graph and bone scan scores ( P< 0.05). Reconstructed patients had a higher level of arthrosis by radiograph and bone scan.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
I. Kostogiannis, E. Ageberg, P. Neuman, L. E. Dahlberg, T. Friden, and H. Roos
Clinically Assessed Knee Joint Laxity as a Predictor for Reconstruction After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective Study of 100 Patients Treated With Activity Modification and Rehabilitation
Am. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2008; 36(8): 1528 - 1533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
B. Lebel, C. Hulet, B. Galaud, G. Burdin, B. Locker, and C. Vielpeau
Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2008; 36(7): 1275 - 1282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
D. P. Magit, M. McGarry, J. E. Tibone, and T. Q. Lee
Comparison of Cutaneous and Transosseous Electromagnetic Position Sensors in the Assessment of Tibial Rotation in a Cadaveric Model
Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2008; 36(5): 971 - 977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
B. T. Hanypsiak, K. P. Spindler, C. R. Rothrock, G. J. Calabrese, B. Richmond, T. M. Herrenbruck, and R. D. Parker
Twelve-Year Follow-up on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Long-term Outcomes of Prospectively Studied Osseous and Articular Injuries
Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2008; 36(4): 671 - 677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
T. O. McKinley, Y. Tochigi, M. J. Rudert, and T. D. Brown
Instability-Associated Changes in Contact Stress and Contact Stress Rates Near a Step-Off Incongruity
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., February 1, 2008; 90(2): 375 - 383.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
M. L. Busam, M. T. Provencher, and B. R. Bach Jr
Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Constructs: Care and Prevention
Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2008; 36(2): 379 - 394.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
W. J. Hurd, M. J. Axe, and L. Snyder-Mackler
A 10-Year Prospective Trial of a Patient Management Algorithm and Screening Examination for Highly Active Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Part 2, Determinants of Dynamic Knee Stability
Am. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2008; 36(1): 48 - 56.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
W. J. Hurd, M. J. Axe, and L. Snyder-Mackler
A 10-Year Prospective Trial of a Patient Management Algorithm and Screening Examination for Highly Active Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Part 1, Outcomes
Am. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2008; 36(1): 40 - 47.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
I. Kostogiannis, E. Ageberg, P. Neuman, L. Dahlberg, T. Friden, and H. Roos
Activity Level and Subjective Knee Function 15 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Nonreconstructed Patients
Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2007; 35(7): 1135 - 1143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
L. A. Pinczewski, J. Lyman, L. J. Salmon, V. J. Russell, J. Roe, and J. Linklater
A 10-Year Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions With Hamstring Tendon and Patellar Tendon Autograft: A Controlled, Prospective Trial
Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2007; 35(4): 564 - 574.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
T. Zantop, M. Herbort, M. J. Raschke, F. H. Fu, and W. Petersen
The Role of the Anteromedial and Posterolateral Bundles of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Anterior Tibial Translation and Internal Rotation
Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2007; 35(2): 223 - 227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
R. Papannagari, T. J. Gill, L. E. DeFrate, J. M. Moses, A. J. Petruska, and G. Li
In Vivo Kinematics of the Knee After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Clinical and Functional Evaluation
Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2006; 34(12): 2006 - 2012.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Br. J. Sports. Med.Home page
K Button, R van Deursen, P Price, E D de Bruin, and D Rosenbaum
Classification of functional recovery of anterior cruciate ligament copers, non-copers, and adapters * COMMENTARY
Br. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2006; 40(10): 853 - 859.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
L. Y. Griffin, M. J. Albohm, E. A. Arendt, R. Bahr, B. D. Beynnon, M. DeMaio, R. W. Dick, L. Engebretsen, W. E. Garrett Jr, J. A. Hannafin, et al.
Understanding and Preventing Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005
Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2006; 34(9): 1512 - 1532.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
G. Li, J. M. Moses, R. Papannagari, N. P. Pathare, L. E. DeFrate, and T. J. Gill
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency Alters the In Vivo Motion of the Tibiofemoral Cartilage Contact Points in Both the Anteroposterior and Mediolateral Directions
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., August 1, 2006; 88(8): 1826 - 1834.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
L. E. DeFrate, R. Papannagari, T. J. Gill, J. M. Moses, N. P. Pathare, and G. Li
The 6 Degrees of Freedom Kinematics of the Knee After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency: An In Vivo Imaging Analysis
Am. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2006; 34(8): 1240 - 1246.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
B. D. Beynnon, R. J. Johnson, S. Braun, M. Sargent, I. M. Bernstein, J. M. Skelly, and P. M. Vacek
The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle Phase and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Case-Control Study of Recreational Alpine Skiers
Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2006; 34(5): 757 - 764.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Bone Joint Surg BrHome page
M. L. Costa, K. MacMillan, D. Halliday, R. Chester, L. Shepstone, A. H. N. Robinson, and S. T. Donell
Randomised controlled trials of immediate weight-bearing mobilisation for rupture of the tendo Achillis
J Bone Joint Surg Br, January 1, 2006; 88-B(1): 69 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
C. A. Emery, W. H. Meeuwisse, and S. E. Hartmann
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Injury in Adolescent Soccer: Implementation and Validation of an Injury Surveillance System
Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2005; 33(12): 1882 - 1891.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Br. J. Sports. Med.Home page
K Button, R van Deursen, P Price, and D Rosenbaum
Measurement of functional recovery in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture * Commentary
Br. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2005; 39(11): 866 - 871.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Bone Joint Surg BrHome page
A. J. Hart, J. Buscombe, A. Malone, and G. S. E. Dowd
Assessment of osteoarthritis after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: A STUDY USING SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AT TEN YEARS
J Bone Joint Surg Br, November 1, 2005; 87-B(11): 1483 - 1487.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
B. D. Beynnon, R. J. Johnson, J. A. Abate, B. C. Fleming, and C. E. Nichols
Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Part I
Am. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2005; 33(10): 1579 - 1602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
K. P. Spindler, T. A. Warren, J. C. Callison Jr., M. Secic, S. B. Fleisch, and R. W. Wright
Clinical Outcome at a Minimum of Five Years After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., August 1, 2005; 87(8): 1673 - 1679.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ptjournalHome page
T. L Chmielewski, W. J Hurd, K. S Rudolph, M. J Axe, and L. Snyder-Mackler
Perturbation Training Improves Knee Kinematics and Reduces Muscle Co-contraction After Complete Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Physical Therapy, August 1, 2005; 85(8): 740 - 749.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Bone Joint Surg BrHome page
D. J. Deehan and T. E. Cawston
The biology of integration of the anterior cruciate ligament
J Bone Joint Surg Br, July 1, 2005; 87-B(7): 889 - 895.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CMAJHome page
C. A. Emery, J. D. Cassidy, T. P. Klassen, R. J. Rosychuk, and B. H. Rowe
Effectiveness of a home-based balance-training program in reducing sports-related injuries among healthy adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 15, 2005; 172(6): 749 - 754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
B. Reider
Understanding the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Rhythm and Algorithm
Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2005; 33(3): 333 - 334.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
D. C. Fithian, E. W. Paxton, M. L. Stone, W. F. Luetzow, R. P. Csintalan, D. Phelan, and D. M. Daniel
Prospective Trial of a Treatment Algorithm for the Management of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Injured Knee
Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2005; 33(3): 335 - 346.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
A. I. Vasara, J. S. Jurvelin, L. Peterson, and I. Kiviranta
Arthroscopic Cartilage Indentation and Cartilage Lesions of Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knees
Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2005; 33(3): 408 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
R. J. Williams III, J. Hyman, F. Petrigliano, T. Rozental, and T. L. Wickiewicz
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Four-Strand Hamstring Tendon Autograft
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., March 1, 2005; 87(1_suppl_1): 51 - 66.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
B. R. Bach Jr, K. J. Aadalen, M. G. Dennis, D. S. Carreira, J. Bojchuk, J. K. Hayden, and C. A. Bush-Joseph
Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Fresh-Frozen, Nonirradiated Patellar Tendon Allograft: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2005; 33(2): 284 - 292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
J. D. Yoo, R. Papannagari, S. E. Park, L. E. DeFrate, T. J. Gill, and G. Li
The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Knee Joint Kinematics Under Simulated Muscle Loads
Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2005; 33(2): 240 - 246.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
P. F. Hill, V. J. Russell, L. J. Salmon, and L. A. Pinczewski
The Influence of Supplementary Tibial Fixation on Laxity Measurements After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendons in Female Patients
Am. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2005; 33(1): 94 - 101.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
Y. Yamamoto, W.-H. Hsu, S. L-Y. Woo, A. H. Van Scyoc, Y. Takakura, and R. E. Debski
Knee Stability and Graft Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparison of a Lateral and an Anatomical Femoral Tunnel Placement
Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2004; 32(8): 1825 - 1832.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
W. R. Dunn, S. Lyman, A. E. Lincoln, P. J. Amoroso, T. Wickiewicz, and R. G. Marx
The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Risk of Knee Reinjury
Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2004; 32(8): 1906 - 1914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
M. Logan, A. Williams, J. Lavelle, W. Gedroyc, and M. Freeman
The Effect of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on Knee Kinematics
Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2004; 32(8): 1915 - 1922.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Br. J. Sports. Med.Home page
I. Shrier
Muscle dysfunction versus wear and tear as a cause of exercise related osteoarthritis: an epidemiological update
Br. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2004; 38(5): 526 - 535.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
G. N. Williams, L. Snyder-Mackler, P. J. Barrance, M. J. Axe, and T. S. Buchanan
Muscle and Tendon Morphology After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament with Autologous Semitendinosus-Gracilis Graft
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., September 1, 2004; 86(9): 1936 - 1946.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
T. Halasi, A. Kynsburg, A. Tallay, and I. Berkes
Development of a New Activity Score for the Evaluation of Ankle Instability
Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 2004; 32(4): 899 - 908.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
S. Tashman, D. Collon, K. Anderson, P. Kolowich, and W. Anderst
Abnormal Rotational Knee Motion During Running After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 2004; 32(4): 975 - 983.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
M. C. Logan, A. Williams, J. Lavelle, W. Gedroyc, and M. Freeman
Tibiofemoral Kinematics Following Successful Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Dynamic Multiple Resonance Imaging
Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 2004; 32(4): 984 - 992.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
L. C. Almekinders, R. Pandarinath, and F. T. Rahusen
Knee Stability Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Surgery. The Contribution of Irreducible Tibial Subluxation
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., May 1, 2004; 86(5): 983 - 987.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
M. Logan, E. Dunstan, J. Robinson, A. Williams, W. Gedroyc, and M. Freeman
Tibiofemoral Kinematics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-Deficient Weightbearing, Living Knee Employing Vertical Access Open "Interventional" Multiple Resonance Imaging
Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2004; 32(3): 720 - 726.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Ann Rheum DisHome page
A von Porat, E M Roos, and H Roos
High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes
Ann Rheum Dis, March 1, 2004; 63(3): 269 - 273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Acad Orthop SurgHome page
J. G. Garrick and R. K. Requa
Sports and Fitness Activities: The Negative Consequences
J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg., November 1, 2003; 11(6): 439 - 443.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
G. Myklebust, I. Holm, S. Maehlum, L. Engebretsen, and R. Bahr
Clinical, Functional, and Radiologic Outcome in Team Handball Players 6 to 11 Years after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Follow-up Study
Am. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2003; 31(6): 981 - 989.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
W. R. Dunn, A. E. Lincoln, R. Y. Hinton, G. S. Smith, and P. J. Amoroso
Occupational Disability After Hospitalization for the Treatment of an Injury of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., September 1, 2003; 85(9): 1656 - 1666.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
R. Iorio and W. L. Healy
Unicompartmental Arthritis of the Knee
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., July 3, 2003; 85(7): 1351 - 1364.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
E. W. Paxton, D. C. Fithian, M. L. Stone, and P. Silva
The Reliability and Validity of Knee-Specific and General Health Instruments in Assessing Acute Patellar Dislocation Outcomes
Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2003; 31(4): 487 - 492.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
R. R. Patel, D. E. Hurwitz, C. A. Bush-Joseph, B. R. Bach Jr., and T. P. Andriacchi
Comparison of Clinical and Dynamic Knee Function in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency
Am. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2003; 31(1): 68 - 74.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
A. D. Georgoulis, A. Papadonikolakis, C. D. Papageorgiou, A. Mitsou, and N. Stergiou
Three-Dimensional Tibiofemoral Kinematics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient and Reconstructed Knee during Walking
Am. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2003; 31(1): 75 - 79.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
T. Hogervorst, T. H. Pels Rijcken, D. Rucker, C. P. van der Hart, and W. K. Taconis
Changes in Bone Scans after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Study
Am. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2002; 30(6): 823 - 833.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
I. Voloshin, R. D. Bronstein, and K. E. DeHaven
Spontaneous Healing of a Patellar Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft: A Case Report
Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2002; 30(5): 751 - 753.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
L. A. Pinczewski, D. J. Deehan, L. J. Salmon, V. J. Russell, and A. Clingeleffer
A Five-Year Comparison of Patellar Tendon Versus Four-Strand Hamstring Tendon Autograft for Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2002; 30(4): 523 - 536.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
S. L-Y. Woo, A. Kanamori, J. Zeminski, M. Yagi, C. Papageorgiou, and F. H. Fu
The Effectiveness of Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament with Hamstrings and Patellar Tendon : A Cadaveric Study Comparing Anterior Tibial and Rotational Loads
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., June 1, 2002; 84(6): 907 - 914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
P. P. Provenzano, D. Heisey, K. Hayashi, R. Lakes, and R. Vanderby Jr.
Subfailure damage in ligament: a structural and cellular evaluation
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2002; 92(1): 362 - 371.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
K. Anderson, A. M. Seneviratne, K. Izawa, B. L. Atkinson, H. G. Potter, and S. A. Rodeo
Augmentation of Tendon Healing in an Intraarticular Bone Tunnel with Use of a Bone Growth Factor
Am. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2001; 29(6): 689 - 698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
TraumaHome page
M. Bowditch
Anterior cruciate ligament rupture and management
Trauma, October 1, 2001; 3(4): 249 - 261.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JBJSHome page
D. B. O'Neill
Arthroscopically Assisted Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament : A Follow-up Report
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., September 1, 2001; 83(9): 1329 - 1332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J Sports MedHome page
L. C. Almekinders and D. de Castro
Fixed Tibial Subluxation after Successful Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2001; 29(3): 280 - 283.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]